Venous malformations are abnormal clusters of dilated veins that may appear bluish, spongy, and can cause swelling, pain, or bleeding—especially in the head and neck. Led by Dr. Waner and Dr. O, the Vascular Birthmark Institute offers expert diagnosis and personalized care for these complex vascular anomalies.
What Are Venous Malformations?
Venous malformations are congenital vascular anomalies made up of abnormally formed veins. These lesions can be localized or widespread, and may occur in superficial or deep tissues—most commonly affecting areas like the lips, tongue, cheek, and neck. Superficial malformations often appear bluish and may swell or bleed over time, especially when the head is lowered. As the patient ages, the malformation may expand, potentially leading to discomfort or cosmetic concerns. Nearly half of all head and neck cases are associated with airway involvement, which makes careful evaluation by experienced specialists essential.
Signs & Symptoms of Venous Malformations:
- Bluish discoloration of the skin or mucosa
- Swelling that worsens when the area is in a dependent position
- Soft, spongy texture upon touch
- Pain or tenderness, especially with pressure or activity
- Bleeding from thin overlying skin or mucosa
- Progressive enlargement over time
- Difficulty breathing or airway issues (in head and neck cases)
- Presence of multiple lesions in different areas (multifocal)
Treatments for Venous Malformations
At Vascular Birthmark Institute, your treatment plan begins with a comprehensive evaluation by our multidisciplinary team led by Dr. Waner and Dr. O. We use imaging studies and clinical examination to assess the size, depth, and location of your venous malformation.
Based on this information, we develop a personalized approach that may include one or more treatments. We aim to manage symptoms, improve function, and achieve the best cosmetic outcome possible.
Laser Treatment
Laser therapy is often used to target the superficial components of venous malformations, especially when there is visible bluish discoloration of the skin or mucosa. We use a specialized Nd:YAG laser, which emits a wavelength of light absorbed by the blood vessels. This energy generates heat, collapsing the abnormal veins without damaging the surrounding tissue. A cooling device is used simultaneously to protect the skin. Laser therapy can be a standalone treatment or part of a combined approach.
Sclerotherapy
Sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive procedure that shrinks and destroys abnormal veins within a venous malformation. During this treatment, a sclerosant—a chemical irritant—is carefully injected through the skin into the lesion under ultrasound and real-time X-ray (fluoroscopy) guidance. The sclerosant irritates the inner lining of the vessel, causing it to clot and eventually collapse. Over time, the treated vein is replaced with scar tissue. This reduces the size of the malformation and improves both appearance and function.
Surgery
Surgical removal may be appropriate when the lesion is well-defined and accessible. Often, sclerotherapy is performed first to shrink the lesion and reduce bleeding during the procedure. Depending on the complexity and location of the malformation, surgery can be staged over multiple sessions or completed in one operation. Our surgical approach helps preserve vital structures and minimizes cosmetic impact while achieving the most complete removal.
Combined Sclerotherapy and Surgery
For complex or previously inoperable lesions, we often recommend a two-step treatment: first, the malformation is injected with a sclerosant to clot the abnormal veins; then, within 24 to 48 hours, the lesion is surgically removed. This approach significantly reduces intraoperative blood loss and minimizes the risk of recurrence by preventing the veins from reforming. Our team has seen outstanding outcomes with this method.
Schedule Your Consultation
Vascular Birthmark Institute is a world-renowned center dedicated to diagnosing and treating complex vascular anomalies, including venous malformations. Led by Dr. Waner and Dr. O, our team offers comprehensive, personalized care using advanced therapies tailored to your needs. Whether your concern is cosmetic, functional, or both, we help improve your quality of life through expert treatment and support. Schedule your consultation today to explore the most effective options for managing and treating venous malformation.
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